RAINBOW

Rainbow is a meteorological phenomenon caused by reflection, refraction, and light dispense on water droplets that produce a spectrum of light that appears in the sky. The rainbow forms a circle and is colorful. Like red, orange, yellow, green, indigo and purple. The rainbow caused by sunlight always appears in the sky and faces directly into the sun. The rainbow can be a full circle or only an arc formed by droplets of illuminated water above the ground.

The rainbow is not located at a certain distance, so the rainbow cannot be approached physically. The rainbow can be observed every time there are drops of water in the air and the sun shines from behind. Therefore, rainbows are usually seen in the west sky in the morning and in the eastern sky in the afternoon. Rainbow effects can also be seen near fountains and waterfalls. Rainbow is not in one particular location. There are many rainbows, but only one can be seen depending on a certain angle of view as a droplet of light illuminated by the sun. All raindrops refract and reflect sunlight in the same way, but only light from some raindrops that can be seen by the eye. That light is called the rainbow for those who see.

Rainbow has several variations, including:

Rainbow Double. The term double rainbow is used when primary and secondary rainbows are visible.

Rainbow Twin. Unlike a double rainbow consisting of two separate and concentric rainbows, twin rainbows rarely appear as two rainbow arcs separated from a single base.

Rainbow full circle. In theory, each rainbow is a circle, but from the ground, usually only the top can be seen. Because the center of the rainbow is diametrically opposed to the position of the sun in the sky, more circles appear when the sun approaches the horizon, which means that the largest part of the circle that is usually seen is around 50% at sunset or sunrise.

Rainbow Supernumerary. In certain circumstances, one or more thin and thin bands can be seen limiting the purple edge of the rainbow, that is, in the main arc or, far less frequently, outside the secondary arc. This additional tape is called a supernumerary rainbow or supernumerary ribbon along with the rainbow itself. This phenomenon is also known as a rainbow stacker.

Rainbow Monochrome. Sometimes rain can occur at sunrise or sunset. Where shorter wavelengths such as blue and green have spread and are basically removed from the spectrum. Further spread can occur due to rain, and the results can be either rare or dramatic monochrome or red rainbow.

Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow
Picture : Google 

MUHAMMAD HATTA

MUHAMMAD HATTA

Muhammad Hatta was born on August 12, 1902 in Bukit Tinggi, Sumatra, the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Muhammad Hatta was born to a mother named Siti Saleha and her father Muhammad Jamil. He is better known as Bung Hatta. Bung Hatta was born in a religious family, his grandfather was the founder of the mosque in Batuhampar area. The background of Bung Hatta's family was an entrepreneur, his mother was a successful businessman. Bung Hatta studied in various schools or educational institutions including Europese Largere School or ELS in New York City which is now named SMAN 1 Padang, Meer Uirgebreid Lagere (MULO) in Padang, and Handel Middlebare School, and the last in The Netherlands is called Netherland Handelsoge School. He also studied religion at the Indonesian campus such as Abdullah Ahmad, Muhammad Jamil and other campuses. This is what made him awarded as a doctor.

Muhammad Hatta was known as a hero who contributed to Indonesia's independence, he was known as Mr. Proclamation with Ir. Soekarno. Not only as the father of the proclamation, was Bung Hatta also active in political organizations. One of Indonesia's leading economists, Bung Hatta is known as the "Father of the Indonesian Cooperative Movement." His writing includes the Cooperative Movement in Indonesia (1957), "Indonesia between the Daya Block," Foreign Affairs, vol. 36 (1958), and Past and Future (1960). His role in politics began with his election as a jong sumatranen figure in Padang. Bung Hatta became the leader of preparations for independence on 17 August 1945 with Soekarno. However, on August 17, 1945 he and Sukarno were kidnapped by members of the student union and persuaded to declare Indonesian independence. In the next revolutionary government, Bung Hatta served as Deputy President. He served as vice president until December 1956. Then he resigned because of increasing disagreement with President Soekarno's "Guided Democracy" policy. Bung Hatta felt that Soekarno's policy would bankrupt this country. He also consistently criticized "anti-Western" and "anti-Malaysian" foreign policy made by Soekarno. 

Bung Hatta also collaborated with Sukarno in establishing various Indonesian mass organizations. In 1943 they helped to organize the Japanese sponsored home defense corps “Sukarela Tentara Pembela Tanah Air” (PETA). This is the first armed forces in Indonesia. In 1948 when he became prime minister, he played an important role in suppressing the communist rebellion in Madiun, East Java. He led the Indonesian delegation at the United Nations-sponsored Hague Conference (August 23 - November 2, 1949) which culminated in the recognition of full Dutch independence by Indonesia. While serving as prime minister for the first seven months in 1950, he helped guide the new country through an important transition period from the federal to the United States. Bung Hatta died on March 14, 1980 in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Source:  https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mohammad-Hatta

Pictures: Google

RAIN

Rain is an event of the descent of water coming from the sky to the surface of the earth. Rain is also a water cycle on planet earth. Another definition of rain is an event of precipitation (the fall of liquid from the atmosphere which is liquid or frozen to the surface of the earth) in the form of liquid. Rain requires the presence of a thick layer of atmosphere so that it can meet temperatures above the melting point of ice near and above the Earth's surface. On earth, rain is a process of condensation (changes in the form of objects into a more dense form) water vapor in the atmosphere becomes granules of water that are heavy enough to fall and usually arrive on land. Two processes that may occur simultaneously can push the air more saturated before the rain, which is cooling the air or adding water vapor to the air. Raindrops have different sizes ranging from a bend (large grain), to small granules.

The process of rain is that sunlight shines on the earth, energy from sunlight causes evaporation (evaporation) in the oceans, oceans, lakes, rivers and other sources of water so that water vapor is produced. These steam will rise at a certain height and will experience an event called condensation. This condensation event is caused by the temperature around water vapor is lower than the dew point of the water vapor. Then these steam will form clouds. Then, the wind (which occurs due to differences in air pressure) will bring these water grains. These water grains will merge (this process is called coalesce) and will grow bigger due to air turbulence, these water grains will be attracted by the gravitational force of the earth so that it falls to the earth's surface. And when it falls to the surface of the earth, these water grains will pass through a warmer layer underneath. So that a small percentage of water evaporates upwards and others fall to the earth's surface as rain. This is what is called rain.

Rain has an impact on survival like farmers, this is because plants really need water to live. Ordinary rain patterns are vital for plant health, too much or too little rain can endanger or even damage the harvest. If it rains too little it will cause drought which can kill the harvest and increase erosion. Likewise if too much rain the plants will easily mold and rot.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain

Picture: Google

SNOW

Snow is water that falls from a frozen cloud to become solid and like rain. Snow consists of water vapor particles which then cool in the upper air and fall to the earth into white, soft and crystal-like pieces. Snow is a solid object made of frozen water so that we can call it ice. Usually the snow will fall when winter arrives. Snowfall means rain that occurs instead of lowering water but lowering snow. Snowfall is a phenomenon that rarely occurs in one year in a non-tropical region, of course. Snowfall does not come every time, but only comes when winter arrives. Snowfall can last long or briefly. The temperature when snowfall also varies.

The process of snowfall is the source of water that is on the earth exposed to sunlight so that it evaporates, the water vapor gathers into the Earth's atmosphere. The collection of water vapor cools to the point of condensation (the temperature at which gas turns into liquid or solid) and forms clouds. When cloud formation, the mass is much smaller than air mass so that the cloud floats in the air. Water vapor continues to increase so that the mass also increases, so that when the air is no longer strong, the cloud will break by spreading pure water particles (not contaminated by other particles). Pure water does not immediately freeze at 0 degrees Celsius. To make pure air frozen it takes a temperature lower than 0 degrees Celsius right below the cloud. To form snow, it turns out that not only low temperatures are needed, when the particles of pure water come into contact with air, the water will be polluted by other particles that function to accelerate freezing and adhesion between water vapor so that impure water particles will join the particles others form larger ice. If the air temperature does not melt the ice crystals then the ice crystals will be far to the ground, and this is what we call snow.

At a certain temperature (called the 0 degrees Celsius freezing point, 32 degrees Fahrenheit) snow can melt and disappear. The process when snow changes directly into water vapor without melting first is called sublime. Snow with ice. Snow usually looks white but is actually transparent snow. Unlike ice, snow cannot be put into drinks. But snow is often used in sports such as skiing or playing snow sheets and making snowman.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow

Picture: Google